To highlight the importance of the imperial palace, the streets to both sides of the central axis, the eastern and western markets of the city as well as the residential dwellings and inner alleys were all positioned in a strictly symmetrical format.
The city has 11 south-north streets and 14 east-west streets. Among them six main roads provide direct access to the main gates of the city while the rest were subsidiary roads. All the roads were lined with neat rows of water drainage channels on both sides, and shaded by rows of Chinese scholar trees.
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Art History U. A brief revival in the second half of the sixth century ended abruptly with the accession of the Sui dynasty in , since the first Sui emperor decided to build an entirely new city to the south of Han Chang'an and on the exact location of the modern Xian.
The choice of the site and the layout of the city were in part determined by divination with reference to astrological signs. The city continued to be the principal capital of the empire and entered the greatest period of its development under the Tang Dynasty Mather, foreword to Xiong, p. It suffered major damage during the An Lushan rebellion in the mid-8th century, but even toward the end of the Tang period, when the empire was in disarray, the "enormous size" of the city impressed an Arab visitor.
Under the Tang, the city was a major religious center, not only for Buddhism and Taoism but also for several religions which were relatively recent arrivals in China: Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism and Manichaeism. The most famous of all the Buddhist pilgrims, Xuanzang, had to sneak out of Chang'an in , but by his return in would be greeted by a huge throng.
Apart from the remarkable feat of his journey, his great accomplishment was to bring back copies of the Indian scriptures that he spent his remaining days translating.
Eleven great avenues or boulevards ran north to south and 14 east to west. These avenues divided the city into wards containing residences, offices, markets, and Buddhist and Daoist temples. The Temple of Heaven, located south of the city and excavated in , was a circular pounded earth platform composed of four concentric stepped circular altars, stacked on top of one another to a height of between 6.
In , a hoard of 1, silver and gold objects, as well as jade and other precious stones called the Hejiacun Hoard was discovered at Chang'an. The hoard dated to AD was found in an elite residence. Sogdiana was located in what is today Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, and they were responsible for the central Asian oasis towns of Samarkand and Bukhara. Wirkak's tomb was discovered in , and it includes elements from both Tang and Sogdian cultures. The underground square chamber was created in the Chinese style, with access provided by a ramp, an arched passageway and two doors.
Inside was a stone outer sarcophagus measuring 2. On the lintel above the door are two inscriptions, naming the man as Lord Shi, "a man of the nation of Shi, originally from the Western countries, who moved to Chang'an and was appointed sabao of Liangzhou".
His name is inscribed in Sogdian as Wirkak, and it says that he died at the age of 86 in the year , and was married to the Lady Kang who died one month after him and was buried by his side.
On the southern and eastern sides of the coffin are inscribed scenes associated with the Zoroastrian faith and in Zoroastrian fashion, the selection of the south and eastern sides to decorate corresponds to the direction the priest faces when officiating south and the direction of Paradise east.
Among the inscriptions is the priest-bird, which may represent the Zoroastrian deity Dahman Afrin. The scenes described the Zorastrian journey of the soul after death. Tang Sancai Pottery Tang Sancai is the general name for vividly color-glazed pottery produced during the Tang dynasty, especially between AD. Sancai means "three colors", and those colors refer typically but not exclusively to yellow, green and white glazes.
Tang Sancai was famous for its association with the Silk Road--its style and shape were borrowed by Islamic potters at the other end of the trade network. Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
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