Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Magnesium is a real heavy hitter, Taylor says.
But an ongoing lack of it in your diet can lead to magnesium deficiency. Certain conditions and some medications can also make it harder for your body to have adequate magnesium levels. These conditions include:. Instead, make sure to include a variety of fiber-rich plant foods in your diet every day. Too much magnesium from food does not pose a health risk in healthy individuals because the kidneys eliminate excess amounts in the urine [ 29 ].
However, high doses of magnesium from dietary supplements or medications often result in diarrhea that can be accompanied by nausea and abdominal cramping [ 1 ].
Forms of magnesium most commonly reported to cause diarrhea include magnesium carbonate, chloride, gluconate, and oxide [ 12 ]. The diarrhea and laxative effects of magnesium salts are due to the osmotic activity of unabsorbed salts in the intestine and colon and the stimulation of gastric motility [ 56 ].
Symptoms of magnesium toxicity, which usually develop after serum concentrations exceed 1. The risk of magnesium toxicity increases with impaired renal function or kidney failure because the ability to remove excess magnesium is reduced or lost [ 1 , 29 ].
This occurs because the RDAs include magnesium from all sources—food, beverages, dietary supplements, and medications. The ULs include magnesium from only dietary supplements and medications; they do not include magnesium found naturally in food and beverages. Several types of medications have the potential to interact with magnesium supplements or affect magnesium status.
A few examples are provided below. People taking these and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their magnesium intakes with their healthcare providers. Use of magnesium-rich supplements or medications and oral bisphosphonates should be separated by at least 2 hours [ 56 ]. These antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before or 4—6 hours after a magnesium-containing supplement [ 56 , 61 ]. FDA advises healthcare professionals to consider measuring patients' serum magnesium levels prior to initiating long-term PPI treatment and to check magnesium levels in these patients periodically [ 63 ].
The federal government's — Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients e. For more information about building a healthy dietary pattern, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.
Department of Agriculture's MyPlate. This fact sheet by the Office of Dietary Supplements ODS provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. We encourage you to talk to your healthcare providers doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc. Any mention in this publication of a specific product or service, or recommendation from an organization or professional society, does not represent an endorsement by ODS of that product, service, or expert advice. Updated: August 11, History of changes to this fact sheet.
Find ODS on:. Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements. Health Information Health Information. Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Food and Nutrition Board. Rude RK. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Volpe SL.
Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status for diagnosis and therapy. Magnes Res ; Principles of Nutritional Assessment, 2nd ed.
Methods of assessment of magnesium status in humans: a systematic review. Magnesium Res ; Comparison of the mineral content of tap water and bottled waters. J Gen Intern Med ; Intestinal absorption of magnesium from food and supplements.
J Clin Invest ; Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central , Food and Drug Administration. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of magnesium after administration of magnesium salts to humans.
Am J Ther ; Bioavailability of US commercial magnesium preparations. Magnesium-L-aspartate-HCl and magnesium-oxide: bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol ; Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide.
J Am Coll Nutr ; Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomized, double-blind study. Mag Res ; Inhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man. Therapeutic uses of magnesium. Am Fam Physician ; Dietary supplement use is associated with high intakes of minerals from food sources. Am J Clin Nutr ; Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated?
Nutr Rev ; Implications of magnesium deficiency in type 2 diabetes: a review. Biol Trace Elem Res ;— Hypomagnesemia and diabetes mellitus. A review of clinical implications. Arch Intern Med ; Magnesium deficiency and alcohol intake: mechanisms, clinical significance and possible relation to cancer development a review. J Am Coll Nutr ;— Dietary magnesium intake in a national sample of U. J Nutr ; Int Urol Nephrol ; Magnesium homeostasis and aging.
Magnesium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults. Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr ; Nutr Rev ;S Health problems that can be helped by taking a magnesium supplement include constipation , indigestion , high blood pressure during pregnancy, magnesium deficiency, irregular heartbeat, and the risk of cerebral palsy in pregnancy.
Having too much magnesium from a supplement can cause diarrhoea , nausea , and stomach cramps. Magnesium supplements can interfere with other medicines you may be taking, including antibiotics , diuretics, osteoporosis medication, and medicines for acid reflux or stomach ulcers. Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content.
How is Coeliac disease treated? The gluten-free diet Currently, the only effective treatment for coeliac disease is the gluten-free diet. Read more on Mindovergut. Vitamin and mineral supplements won't convert poor food choices into a healthy diet, but relevant quantities can address deficiencies at certain life stages.
Read more on myDr website. Read more on Heart Foundation website. Nuts provide protein and are a source of dietary fibre as well as contributing many vitamins and minerals. Many studies show nuts are beneficial to health, especially heart health. Read more on Better Health Channel website. The Australian Dietary Guidelines are designed to give you enough of the nutrients essential for good health and reduce your risk of some diseases. Food and Food Products Legumes: what are they and how can I use them?
Legumes: what are they and how can I use them?
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