Hogan is a freelance editor and the former managing editor of the Adams Papers at the Massachusetts Historical Society. Listen to Professor Hunter Dupree talk about science advising, with particular emphasis on the administration of John Quincy Adams.
Watch two renowned historians discuss why history matters and who decides what history gets written. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center. He served from to and died on February 23, , at the age of His father, John Adams , served as the second president of the United States.
Prior to serving as president, Adams served as an ambassador, state senator, U. He served as a U. Before becoming a politician, Adams practiced law in Boston, Massachusetts. Below is an abbreviated outline of Adams' professional and political career: [1]. In , Adams served as secretary and translator for the ambassador to Russia, Francis Dana.
Adams traveled with his father to Paris, France, in , serving as his father's secretary during the negotiation of the Treaty of Paris. Adams studied at Harvard College, earning his B. In , he was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in and began practicing law in Boston, Massachusetts.
Adams served in that position until when his father, then the president of the United States, appointed him as the U. Adams served as ambassador to Prussia until In , Adams was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate. Senate in In he resigned his seat in the U. Senate and became a Democratic-Republican. President James Madison appointed Adams as the first officially recognized ambassador to Russia in In , Adams was recalled from Russia to serve as the chief negotiator for the United States during the Treaty of Ghent.
After the negotiations, Madison appointed Adams as ambassador to the United Kingdom in Adams served as U. As secretary of state he negotiated the Adams-Onis Treaty and Treaty of In , Adams authored the Monroe Doctrine, which established a U. All four candidates ran as Democratic-Republicans.
No candidate earned a majority of electoral votes, and the election was decided by a vote in the U. House of Representatives. Clay supported Adams in the House vote, and Adams was elected on the first ballot.
Adams was inaugurated on March 4, The Tennessee legislature nominates Andrew Jackson their presidential challenger for the election. The first passage on the mile-long Erie Canal is completed from Lake Erie to New York City, linking the Atlantic and trans-Atlantic marketplaces with growing agricultural production in the Northwest states.
Construction of the canal began in During his presidential term, Adams strongly supports national planning of and the use of national funds for an improved transportation infrastructure.
Military standardization and integration of Union and state militias is a foremost concern during the Adams administration. In response to a proposal by the secretary of war to revamp military organization and seniority systems, a joint House and Senate resolution calls for the production and dispersal of training manuals. Under the mediation of Czar Nicholas I, President Adams finalizes a settlement with the British over restitution for damages incurred during the War of , left unresolved by the Treaty of Ghent.
Adams proclaims all American ports closed to trade with British colonies, suspending disagreements from an era of protracted contention with the British over tariffs, navigation and duties. Adams's declaration embodies his response to a rising Continental cartel of exclusive trading relationships.
Nicholas Biddle of the Bank of the United States implements the sale of government securities to curtail the outward flow of specie. This policy results in propositions by Congress for the public sale of United States Bank stock. Joel Poinsett accedes to a Mexican boundary settlement on behalf of the United States. This concludes a slew of unsuccessful efforts by Adams to negotiate more favorable borders than the existing Sabine River. The United States is receptive, spearheading a flurry of American and international bids for surveying, building, and operation contracts.
Although local instability derails the experiment, the effort is an important demonstration of the supremacy of the United States's influence in Central America.
The plan calls for incredibly high tariffs on raw materials to accommodate Western interests and on British woolens to appease New England interests. Calhoun believed Jackson supporters in the Northeast would back the bill while Jackson men in the South and Southwest, generally opposed to protectionism, would oppose it; he expects the bill to fail. Calhoun, meanwhile, anonymously pens the South Carolina Exposition and Protest , which advocates a state's right to nullify federal laws which it opposes and deems unconstitutional.
Andrew Jackson, running on the Democratic ticket, ends Adams's bid for reelection. The Tennessee native wins the election with 56 percent of the popular vote and electoral votes to Adams's Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W.
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